Breeding is one of the most critical aspects of farm management. The reproductive efficiency mainly depends on the breeding rate, the number of live piglets and the number of empty days. These are all influenced by sow management, nutrition, genetics, disease, boar fertility, sperm quality, environment and personnel management. Production problems such as feeding strategies, stress, seasonal problems, gestational age structure, and health conditions also affect the fertility rate; sows' appropriate body size (body weight and backfat) and nutritional solutions at the various stages of pregnancy and breastfeeding will all contribute to the breeding of sows. Ability has a significant impact. Looking at all aspects of breeder breeding, there are many factors affecting breeder performance. I believe it is important to rationalize the relationship between the following aspects and breeding performance: semen quality, estrus identification and timely breeding, breeding operations, environmental control, feeding management, breeding pigs Elimination, disease control, etc. The following are some of my understanding of these relationships, and I hope that my colleagues will give advice. First, the influence of semen quality on breeding performance of breeding pigs Semen quality can be said to be the most important part of breeding pigs. So far, large-scale pig farms that are naturally mated have been used. The authors suggest that artificial insemination should be promoted as soon as possible, because natural mating cannot guarantee that the quality of each semen is qualified, if the quality of semen used for breeding is not guaranteed, It is impossible to have a stable and high level of reproductive performance, and artificial insemination can do this. It requires that every semen must be qualified for laboratory use. Of course, there are many other benefits of using artificial insemination. For example, the cost of breeding boars is greatly reduced, because 10 to 20 sows can be bred at the same time at the same time, so that the superior genes of boars can be fully utilized; Correct insemination can reduce the spread of reproductive tract diseases and so on. For large-scale pig farms with technical clearance, the construction of boar stations on the site can be considered. The cost is low and the effect is good. Small-scale pig farms or free-ranging households can purchase from specialised semen stations. Through years of work experience in the south, it has been found that the sow’s reproductive performance will fall significantly after mating at 6, 7, 8, and 9 months before artificial insemination, and the rate of mating and childbirth will mostly fall below 80%. The promotion of artificial insemination technology ensures that the quality of semen used in each breeding is guaranteed, and the mating and delivery rate can always remain relatively stable (up to a minimum standard of 85%). Second, estrus identification and timely breeding Correctly judging the estrus status of sows is a prerequisite for timely breeding. The estrus identification of sows is the easiest for local pig breeds. For cultivating breeders or breeding pigs, gilts are more difficult to identify than sows. Landrace sows are more difficult to identify than Yorkshire and Duroc sows. Changes in the genital area during sow estrus are obvious. Therefore, estrus detection is mainly used in estrus identification. Furthermore, the sows are in estrus and are extremely sensitive to the contact, odour and sound of the boar. Therefore, we should give full play to the role of the trial boar in daily work and try our best to match the species as soon as possible. In daily work, the method most commonly used by everyone is mainly based on the sow’s “standing reflectionâ€, that is, in the presence of a boar, pressing or riding back on the sow, depending on the sow's stay. Judging by the degree of judging its estrus, sooner or later, if the sow is standing still and not moving, it indicates that its estrus has reached a climax. How to detect estrus: The principle is not to use boars, but to get close to boars. Check for sow behavior changes: check for changes in the vulva (including color, swelling, mucus, etc.); check for "static reflection." Whether timely breeding can be done is the key to improving the conception rate and litter size of sows. Judging the timely breeding of sows is to see the length of standing time after the last species is allocated. The general situation can be allocated after the last time. Stable for 8 to 24 hours, outside this range there may be problems; gilts generally fade in vulva color, swelling, thick mucus, combined with standing reflection (as a reference) is basically timely. Third, the reproductive performance and the relationship between the operation of sperm The last link of artificial insemination is the insemination operation. If this link is not done well, then all efforts will be abandoned. The insemination of large-scale pig farm production lines is generally operated by many people. The quality of personnel and the proficiency of operations vary greatly, which is an important factor affecting the performance of artificial insemination. When skilled in artificial insemination operations, it is very important to maintain strict operations in daily work. In actual production, some older employees often cut corners when they are more skillful: poor disinfection, poor stimulation, and flow rate of semen. Poor control of insemination time (some of them even less than 2 minutes) leads to an increase in semen backflow. This sense of satisfaction and carelessness tends to reduce the fertility rate and litter size of sows, so the decline in production performance is often not a problem in the artificial insemination technique itself, but more of a human factor. In addition, for the situation of the new farmer or the pig farm just on the artificial insemination project, 20 units of oxytocin are injected intramuscularly through the neck before the first match, which can significantly improve the breeding performance of the sow. Fourth, the effect of environmental control on breeding performance of breeding pigs Due to the continuous improvement of breeding techniques in the breeding of gilts from outside species, it is necessary to pay enough attention to the insulation of cold seasons. People who believe that pigs are afraid of heat are aware that if the effect of heat stress on sows cannot be ruled out in the hot season of each year, the sow’s production performance will inevitably decline to varying degrees. The climate in the South is characterized by a long period of continuous high temperature and a small temperature difference between day and night. It is very important to prevent the heatstroke from cooling. If no special and effective measures are taken in the hot season, the production performance of breeding pigs will decline in different degrees for two reasons: (1) Breeding In the hot season, due to the influence of heat stress on sows, the number of deaths of fertilized eggs within 3 days of the breeding period will increase more or less. (2) Pregnancy During the high temperature season, the cooling measures are negligible. The loss of embryos during the first trimester will increase, and the fetal death will increase during the later period of pregnancy. This is an important reason for the significant increase in invalids. The author has a very effective measure to prevent heatstroke and recommend it to everyone. The main measures are: reduce the temperature of the large environment by spraying water on the roof, and introduce a water network pipe over the head of the pregnant sow. The method of perforating the thin tube to continuously drop the temperature of the neck of each gestating sow has a very good effect, and can effectively reduce the total number of embryos or fetus deaths during pregnancy. After using this trick in a high-temperature season on a certain farm, neither the total nor the live pigs showed a significant decline. In the area of ​​environmental control, the health status in the key period is very important. For example, the prenatal and postnatal period, the estrus period of gilts, and the maternal insemination period of the sows, if the health at this time is not done properly, it will inevitably lead to the uterus of the sow. The increase in the incidence of endometritis and the decrease in the rate of mating and delivery are unavoidable. V. Feeding Management and Feeding Technology of Breeding Pigs There are many pig farms that do not pay enough attention to this work. In fact, breeding management has a great influence on breeding performance of breeding pigs. Feeding and management of gilts is more important for the production potential of the whole breeder herd because it affects more than just one. The fetus's production performance has a long-lasting effect until it affects its lifelong productivity. The author has elaborated on this aspect of the article. The status quo of the production line is that many employees are not very clear about the amount of feeding at each stage. It is unclear how much material (a precision of at least 90% or more) should be shoveled down. The health condition is poor. Just kick the mother. Pigs happen from time to time. Feeding and management during pregnancy have a very direct relationship to the reproductive performance of sows. For example, a pig farm needs to be ridiculed because the gestating sows are too thin. They believe that after 28 or 30 days, adjustments will be made. Difficult to adjust over, starting from the 10th day after mating began to increase the amount of feed to 3.0kg / day or more, do not know after mating 9 ~ 13 days is the embryo implantation period, if the intrauterine environment is disturbed and destroyed, The blastocyst implantation rate will be inhibited. Such a high feeding amount will result in the failure or death of some embryos due to increased heat production after eating, which directly affects the number of litters per litter. For another example, casually kicking a sow will inevitably lead to an increase in miscarriage or death of the fetus. The rate of delivery will decline and the number of litters will decrease. Feeding techniques for pregnant sows are critical. Poor feeding may result in problems such as low birth numbers, uneven birth weight, poor lactating milk, increased estrus sows, and increased annual elimination of sows. Feeding standards for gestating sows in production are varied, and the average daily feed for each sow during the entire gestation period should be 2.5 to 2.7 kg. The actual situation is: some farms have 2.7 kg, some 2.9 kg, and some 3.2 kg, individual production lines even reached 3.5kg or more, sows that require appropriate body condition were fed into fattened pigs. If you feed too much material in the mid- and pre-pregnancy, resulting in 85 days or 90 days basically reaching the sow's sows, no matter what kind of feeding method is used in this situation, it will also lead to uneven birth and difficulty in nursing sows. Loss or loss of appetite, poor sow’s milk quality, increased milk powder and glucose usage, etc.; another condition is insufficient feeding during pregnancy, insufficient body fat reserves, resulting in small primary birth weight, difficulty in raising piglets, nursing mothers Pigs were severely stung, their estrus did not increase after delivery, and the culling rate of sows increased. Sixth, the relationship between reproductive performance and the elimination criteria of breeding pigs Strictly eliminating the sow according to the sow's elimination criteria is also one of the keys to improving the sow's breeding performance. The “renewal standard for the replacement of breeding pigs†is not determined casually. It is the result of many years of practical experience of many farms, but the adoption of The actual situation of practical survey visits is that many pig farms are not strictly implemented according to the standard. Sows who return to the situation twice continue to perform breeding. Severe metritis is still unwilling to be eliminated after treatment is invalid. Commercial pigs can find more than 9 children. Even sows with 10 births have poor sows. Over 9 month old gilts that have never been estrus are still being reared, and sows that are not estrus may have been reared for 2 months. Above, etc., a sow farm more than 1,000 sows, meet the elimination criteria of the sows actually reached more than 100, more than 10%. These sows are not eliminated. They can only increase production costs and reduce production performance. It is too late to find out that the trend is not good, and then it is too late to focus on elimination. Only by consistently implementing good phase-out and updating standards can breeding herds have a good gestational age structure. It is possible to maintain a good production performance. For example, the author had found such a sow on a private farm on the after-sales service, entered the farm at 5 months of age, and had 640 days of feeding time. She experienced two returns and 2 empty fights, and no piglets were born. I eliminated them under my advice. During this period, a total of feeding costs were raised: 6 yuan/day 640 days = 3840 yuan, and the cost of seeding: 4 320 yuan = 240 yuan, two items totaling 4,080 yuan, introducing the cost of 1100 yuan, eliminating pig income 800 yuan Yuan, a total loss of 4380 yuan. With regard to the “Planning for Breeding Updateâ€, the technical director of the farm should intensify its training so that every team leader related to breeding pigs can remember the updated standards of breeding pigs and can fully understand and apply them. In the production practice, such implementation of standards will be more thorough and more in place. 7. Relationship between reproductive performance and health status of breeding pigs In the past two years, the diseases of domestic pigs have become more and more complicated, the incidence of pseudorabies has increased, epidemic with Erythrozoon, Toxoplasma gondii, mixed infection of PCV-II and PRRS and so on of sows. Reproductive performance has an effect. The important reasons affecting breeding performance of breeding pigs are not only reproductive-related diseases, many diseases have an impact on the breeding performance of sows. The health status of the sow herd is both the basis for safe production on the farm and the basis for the good reproductive performance of the sow. Only sows with good physiology can have good reproductive performance. Diseases that directly affect sow reproductive performance include: PRRS, pseudorabies, parvovirus, endometritis, PCV-II, and so on. Therefore, as a farm, we should be careful to do a good job of prevention of various diseases, so that “mainly prevention, prevention and control, and prevention are more important than treatment.†It is strictly forbidden that employees should be poorly sterilized and should be punished according to a scientific immunization program. We will lay a solid foundation for various vaccines and regularly formulate detailed health plans for the specific conditions of breeder herds. The veterinarian's treatment plan should be well implemented. When there is an epidemic outbreak of infectious diseases, the farm should be blocked in time... ... There is a long way to go for the purification and control of breeding herd diseases. The method of isolation and rearing of reserve pig production line recommended by foreign experts (ie SPP isolation method) is worth a try. It is not only beneficial to strengthen the feeding and management of gilts, but also helps to control and purify certain diseases of breeding herds. The implementation of a farm has effectively controlled the diarrhea of ​​pigs in a small area. Adjustable Venturi Mask,Adjustable Oxygen Mask,Medical Oxygen Adjustable,Disposable Oxygen Venturi Mask Shaoxing Jenston Medical Products Co., Ltd. , https://www.sxjcmed.com